How Carotid Artery Disease Increases Stroke Risk
The narrowing of the carotid artery restricts blood flow to the brain, which can cause ischemic strokes. These strokes occur when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked, resulting in tissue damage. Additionally, if plaque breaks off from the artery walls, it can travel to the brain and cause a blockage, also known as an embolic stroke. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), or “mini-strokes,” can occur as a warning sign that the larger stroke risk is imminent.
Key Symptoms of Carotid Artery Disease
- Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body
- Trouble speaking or understanding speech
- Vision loss in one eye
- Dizziness or loss of balance
TIAs, also called mini-strokes, are common signs of carotid artery disease and should never be ignored. Even though they are brief, they signal that a full stroke could follow.
Early Screening and Diagnosis
Early detection of carotid artery disease is crucial to preventing stroke. Common screening tests include:
- Carotid Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to visualize blood flow and detect blockages.
- CT Angiography: This imaging test provides detailed pictures of the carotid arteries to assess the degree of narrowing.
Your doctor may also listen for an abnormal sound, called a bruit, in the neck, which indicates blood turbulence due to narrowed arteries.
Management and Treatment Options
Carotid artery disease can be managed through lifestyle changes, medications, and in more advanced cases, surgical interventions. Some key approaches include:
- Lifestyle Modifications:
- Quit Smoking: Smoking accelerates atherosclerosis and increases stroke risk.
- Healthy Diet: A diet low in saturated fats helps prevent further plaque buildup.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity improves cardiovascular health and reduces risk.
- Medications:
- Cholesterol-lowering drugs such as statins
- Antiplatelet therapy (e.g., aspirin) to reduce blood clot risk
- Blood pressure medications to maintain optimal levels
- Surgical Interventions:
- Carotid Endarterectomy: A surgical procedure to remove plaque and restore normal blood flow.
- Carotid Stenting: A minimally invasive procedure to place a stent and keep the artery open.
Conclusion
